As a concise example of the evils of type coercion I came up with the following:
INSERT INTO t
VALUES (
CAST(2 AS INT),
CAST(2 AS INT));
SELECT
CASE WHEN x + z = 4 THEN '4' ELSE 'NOT 4' END xPLUSz
FROM t;
Result:
xPLUSz
------
NOT 4
It is left as an exercise for the reader to work out what types x and z might be!